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Kanamycin
Paul A. Pham Pharm.D. and Alice M. Jehn Pharm.D.
03-19-2008
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Available formulation in Zambia: Powder for injection: 1000 mg vial.
- Reserved for the treatment of MDR-TB in combination with ethionamide, pyrazinamide, ofloxacin, and ethambutol.
- MDR-TB standardized regimen: kanamycin 750 mg/d (<50 kg); 1000 mg/d (>50 kg) plus ethionamide, pyrazinamide, ofloxacin, and ethambutol x 4 month, then based on culture conversion and sensitivity, continue with ethionamide, ofloxacin, and ethambutol for 12-18 months.
Zambia Information Author: Paul A. Pham, Pharm. D.
- Bowel sterilization (capsule, no longer available in the U.S.)
- Hepatic encephalopathy (capsule, no longer available in the U.S.)
- Treatment of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (second line)
- Non-tubercular mycobacterial infections
- Gram-negative infections
- Gonorrhea
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Urinary tract infections
brand
name
| generic
| Mfg
| brand
forms
| cost*
|
| Kantrex | Kanamycin | Generic manufacturers (Abraxis Pharma ...) | IV
vial
1g | $13.13 |
*Prices represent cost per unit specified and are representative of "Average Wholesale Price" (AWP).
AWP Prices were obtained and gathered by Lakshmi Vasist Pharm D using the Red Book, manufacturer's
information, and the McKesson database.
^Dosage is indicated in mg unless otherwise noted.
MDR-TB treatment: 15mg/kg/day IM in divided doses q8-12 hrs.. For gram-negative infections: target peak of 25-30 mcg/mL and target trough of <10 mcg/mL is generally recommended.
60-90% of usual dose q12h or 100% of usual dose q12-24 hrs (monitor peaks and troughs).
30-70% of usual dose q 12-18h or 100% of usual dose q24-48 hrs (monitor peaks and troughs).
20-30% of usual dose q24-48 hrs or 100% q48-72 hrs (monitor peaks and troughs; redose with troughs <2mcg/mL).
4-5 mg/kg post-dialysis (monitor peaks and troughs).
3.75 mg/kg/day (monitor peaks and troughs). Aminoglycosides given for prolonged periods to patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis have been associated with high rates of ototoxicity. Monitor levels after loading dose and follow for symptoms of ototoxicity.
Limited data. Consider 3-5mg/kg x1 (load), then 2-4mg/kg q24-48hr. Monitor peaks and troughs.
- Renal failure (usually reversible)
- Vestibular and auditory damage, usually irreversible. Genetic predisposition possible (check family for aminoglycoside ototoxicity history).
- GI intolerance: nausea. vomiting, diarrhea, and malabsorption syndrome with oral kanamycin.
- Rash
- Neuromuscular blockade with large doses and rapid infusion.
- Neurotoxicity: headache, paresthesias, and blurred vision
- Cross sensitivity to neomycin (80.9%) and gentamicin (62%)
- Nephrotoxic agents (e.g., ampho B, cidofovir, foscarnet, capreomycin, furosemide, tacrolimus, cyclosporine): additive nephrotoxicity. Avoid co-administration.
- Loop diuretics (especially ethacrynic acid) and capreomycin: additive ototoxicity. Avoid co-administration .
- Penicillins: in vitro inactivation of aminoglycoside. Do not mix together before administration (i.e., running in the same line or concurrent intraperitoneal administration).
- BCG and Live Typhoid Vaccine: may reduce vaccine efficacy.
Most mycobacteria, but limited activity against MAI. Active against most gram-negative aerobes, but anti-pseudomonal activity is not reliable. Not active against anaerobes.
Parenteral aminoglycoside used primarily for MDR-TB. No reliable anti-pseudomonal activity. Ototoxicity similar to streptomycin. Sometimes used orally for bowel prep in elective colon surgery, but oral form not longer available in the U.S.
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